Thursday, January 1, 2026

Beggar’s Patriotism

              “Good news… good news for all of us,” Srimanth said to the villagers around him.

 

              “What news is that?” the villagers curiously said to him around.

 

              “Notification for Panchayath elections…,” Srimanth replied happily.

 

              “Election-fest today onwards… until the election is held,” cheered the villagers around him.

 

              “Time has come for me to be in the fray…I contest the election… I will get your unstinted support in the way you did in the election last year…  A notification was given today morning for the conduct of local body elections for Sarpanch and ward members in villages,” Srimanth said with deep reflections on how to win the election without fail.

 

             The long-awaited aspirants jumped into the arena of election campaigns with all wherewithal necessary for the battle of elections. They had already kept strong drinks, and currency notes ready for the voters in all villages. All knew well that it was the trend of the day for the leaders to offer something for votes as practice though it was illegal. They firmly decided to offer more drinks and more notes to the voters to win the election than before.                     

 

            There were some more aspirants apart from Srimanth, aspiring to be in the fray. He wanted to achieve hectic this time as an unrivalled leader in the village. Siddhartha, a sincere youth, was another candidate who was supported by most of the villagers for the first time.  They filed their nomination papers to be in the fray.

 

          The scene was set for the campaign by all the aspirants like Srimanth. He was a rich landlord. During the Panchayat elections, he spent a lot in the past. This time he took the winning of election as the question of prestige. He aimed at winning the election spending a lot. He was busy campaigning, covering important people in the village.

 

           Srimanth learnt that most of the villagers were supporting Siddhartha. All of them were talking about his landslide victory in the election.

 

          To win the election became prestige question for Srimanth. He was prepared to offer the voters far more than before. He, along with his supporters, went to almost all houses, promising many benefits to every voter. He met the people with folded hands.

 

          After the date of withdrawal, there were only two—Srimanth and Siddharth-- in the fray. Both were serious about their victory. Time was to decide who was to win the election this time.  

 

           “Dear people, you voted for me every time. Bless me this time too with your valuable votes in my favour,” Srimanth said to the villagers, bowing his head to them.

 

            “Elections come and go, but we do not witness any progress…,” a householder said with all feelings in her face.                     

 

              “You can witness the fruits of my efforts as in my previous tenure. This time I am sure that you will find real progress in the village in near future. It is underway to be seen by the eyes of all,” Srimanth and his supporters said with folded hands.

 

              “Your promises are age old… nothing new…I do not know when I find progress in the village,” a householder in the second house.

 

               “I am at your service… I am like the shepherd to look after you and the people are like the sheep in my supervision,” Srimanth said, smiling.

 

             “Yes, the shepherd is becoming far fatter than before, and the sheep too are becoming far weaker than before,” said householder in the second house.

 

            “Dear Sir, I have come here to make a humble appeal to you, all. You remember to vote for me this time also,” Srimanth said to the householder in the third house.

 

             “We remember you to eradicate poverty. You have already eradicated poverty but ‘eradication of poverty’ is the slogan every time in campaign to win the election,” the householder in the fourth house said furiously.

 

              “There is progress as you know…You will surely witness the progress as per your wish… Poverty is surely eradicated,” Srimanth said humbly while leaving the house.

 

               In some houses, there was a complaint against the monkeys’ menace in the village. The leader Srimanth promised to pick up and leave the monkeys in a thick forest nearby. 

 

               In every house there was similar response echoing from their mouths. Every householder expected the same that he was averse to village welfare. In every house, he hinted that they would get all in the night. He secretly supplied fifteen thousand rupees for every vote. In addition, a whiskey bottle for man and sari and a silver ring for woman in a family.

 

              At the crossroads they happened to witness tears rolling down from the eyes of Gandhiji’s statue at the crossroads of the village. They foolishly thought that tears were snow drops, appearing to be coming from the eyes. They never realized that they were doing all against the dreams of Mahatma Gandhi. They minded doing their evil practices and so they were busy executing them against democratic rules enshrined in the Indian constitution. 

 

              Srimanth secretly supplied all in every house at midnight. The villagers participated in a wet party every night until the election was held. On the other side Siddhartha, with his supporters, was campaigning in his own way. He was able to convince the people with his promises in a public meeting,

 

               “I am contesting the election keeping in view the welfare of the people in the village. I make my promises true, or else I shall not stand before you to ask for votes from you all the next time. You have heard the slogan of Eradication of Poverty since independence. I am for the people of the village.”           

 

                Siddhartha decided to give the people whatever was possible by him. It was very less, and in fact it was nothing when it was compared with those offered by SrImanth. The contestants who had withdrawn from the fray expected big amounts from him. He was able to give them everything possible.

 

                Siddhartha had his own style of electioneering, and it was very convincing. He at last went to a beggar’s house. He showed due concern to the family though it had only two votes.  He went to the beggar with folded hands. He said to the beggar humbly,

 

                    “Dear voter, you know poverty, I need not tell you about poverty.”

 

                   “Yes, I know…Why there are the rich and why there are the poor. There is a clash between the rich and the poor. The clash was not created by our Mother India. It was created by the political leaders born and brought up by her in the past,” the beggar Bhumaiah said with feelings.

 

                  “I know… I know…All have equal rights in owning land and doing agriculture for their livelihood in the agricultural country like India. This never happened in the past and   will never happen in the future,” Siddhartha said with all feelings.

 

                   “What you have expressed is absolutely true…If land were given to all people, there would not be the pangs of hunger and the pathetic plight of the beggars in the rich nation like India with all resources,” Bhumaiah said with feelings.     

 

                     “I am moved by your pathetic plight,” said Siddhartha said with deep feelings.

 

                    “No leader thought of solving the problem of poverty,” said Bhumaiah.

 

                    “Keeping in view the present situation that every leader is giving small or high to voters, I would like to give you twenty thousand rupees. I know that you vote for me though I don’t give you anything,” said Siddhartha humbly.

 

                      “I don’t want to take even a single pie from you. Leaders like you must be elected. This is not the age for the sincere people to be elected. Even then you ought to be in the fray, you can impress the people with your virtues and values as a leader,” said Bhumaiah with all glittering smiles.

 

                       “You can take the amount…for my satisfaction…,” said Siddhartha humbly. 

 

                        “No, I don’t take it… I live in a democratic nation. I have loved my nation since I was born here. Bharatmata is great…my mother India. If I take the amount from you for the votes in my family, it is sheer humiliation to my nation. Regarding my voting for you, I don’t want to take any kind of gift. My greatest gift is to vote for a good person…for a great nation. That is what my Mother India, Bharath Matha, wants whole heartedly. I respect her from the bottom of my heart,” said Bhumaiah openly with patriotic feelings.

 

                      “Sir, we don’t take anything from you,” said Bumaiah’s wife with folded hands from their poor hut.

 

                        Siddhartha hugged the beggar as he was moved by the beggar, Bhumaiah’s principle of patriotism, saying, “People like you must live in India as leaders.”

 

                      “We vote for you…There is no doubt about it. We wish you all the best,” Beggar Bhumaiah and his wife said with love and affection.

 

                       Siddhartha and his followers went ahead campaigning. He went to every house and requested the inhabitants with folded hands to vote for hm. He had confidence that he would win but he had the fear of being defeated as his opponent Srimanth hosted parties and feasted for them every day, spending all his wealth.  Totally different scenes were seen. The people were swinging in the lovely swing of intoxication.

 

               When Srimanth spent a lot to offer money and drinks to the voters of the village, he was sure of winning the election.                                                          

 

               Amid the efforts of the contestants, the election for Sarpanch and ward members took place in a peaceful manner.

 

                    Polling was going on. Srimanth was still making his efforts to get votes cast in his favour. Siddhartha was found wherever he went with folded hands as a mark of respect for the people and reverence for a democratic nation.

 

                     Beggar Bhumaiah and his wife came to the polling booth and exercised their rights as citizens of the nation. They performed their duty in casting their votes in a democratic nation.

 

                    After the election, the counting process was going on. The polling personnel were busy. They were very cautious not to make mistakes unknowingly. They counted the votes under the tight security of the police.

 

                    The result was in their hands. Total number of votes polled was 500. Siddhartha got 251 votes to get victory in the election. Srimanth, who was trailing closely behind, got 249 votes to be defeated in the poll.

 

                   Srimanth and his supporters demanded recounting. The polling officials counted the votes again. They found the same difference of votes between Siddhartha and Srimanth. Siddhartha was declared elected in the poll.

 

                  After the declaration of results Siddhartha came to Bhumaiah and hugged him with all love and affection, with tears in his eyes.

 

                  “I have full confidence and courage to say that my victory is ascribed to Bhumaiah’s and his wife’s voting in my favour. Your votes made me win the election. It is the fact, the truth…the truth of truths behind my victory. The two voters voted for me as per the principles of democracy. Democracy has won this time. If he and his wife had voted for Srimanth, he would have lost the battle with two votes. They wholeheartedly voted for me to win,” Siddhartha said to Bhumaiah while shedding tears.

 

                  There was a jubilant procession in view of Siddartha’s victory in the village. All were enjoying the occasion. Srimanth borrowed loans at higher rate of interest. He sold off all his property. He was known for his riches in the village. He became penniless. Moreover, he fell into heavy debts. He had no way to clear them off. He shut the doors of his house inside and kept on crying for his antidemocratic practices. His wife and children joined him, crying. He was to lead his life like a beggar in the street.

  

                  After a month of Siddhartha’s success, there was a felicitation function going on in the presence of all villagers. It was felicitation offered to Beggar Bhumaian couple in a befitting manner. Siddhartha presented two acres of land with the document of registration related to it. Bhumaiah readily agreed to receive the felicitation. His happiness knew no bounds as democracy won for the first time at the village level.

 

                  Siddhartha wanted to express his views with mixed feelings. All clapped when he came to the podium and expressed his response, “At the outset I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to my model nation, Bharath Mata who became free from the clutches of the Whites under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi. She became free for the rule as per democratic means. My victory is ascribed to Smt. & Sri Bhumaiah’s voting in my favour. If they had not voted, I would have got two votes less than Sri Srimanth. It was they who voted for me and helped me reap the fruits of my success. I thank all the people wholeheartedly. I serve the people of my village with love and affection, commitment and devotion. It will be the best village not only in the state but also in my beloved nation. I bring to your notice the murder attempt against me before the election. They did not want to see me in the fray. Had they killed me in the dense forest near the village, I would not have stood before you as the sarpanch of the village. Your strong will and unstinted support led me on the journey of my victory. Thank you …one and all.”

 

                  Bhumaiah came forward to the podium to express his response, “At the outset, I offer my respects to Bharathmata, I congratulate Sri Sidhartha and the ward members on their victory in the election. It is the success of democracy…not the success of any one…a single person here… the success of everyone here. I congratulate everyone here. As citizens, we should love our village. We should struggle and strive to serve it. For that we should elect a suitable leader in the panchayat election. In the state, we should be wise in electing a worthy leader in the MLA election to rule the state successfully. We as the citizens, we should also elect a right leader in the parliamentary election to find ourselves happy under his able and stable rule at the centre… As you all know that I am a beggar, living on begging… You may not believe in me…At first Srimanth sent thirty thousand rupees through his supporters. I bluntly refused to take the amount and other things from them (All clapped). I overheard Srimanth’s words: “If a beggar and his wife do not vote for me nothing will happen to my victory…I have solid votes and thumping majority for my landslide victory.”

 

                    I should also tell you about the victor in the election, Siddhartha. He also came to me before the election to offer me twenty thousand rupees and so on. I politely rejected his offer. My wife too cooperated with me. In fact, the prevailing practice made him get ready for that. I was not ready to take even a single pie from him (all clapped heartily). If the evil practice goes on, poverty will never be eradicated…It is used as a mere slogan in every election… I wish Sri Siddhartha all success in proving himself as the worthy son of Bharat Mata and make all keep their heads high. Let us join hands with him for his success. Now I wholeheartedly thank Sri Siddhartha for the gift of two acres of land to me. This is the only way leading the leader to success in the eradication of poverty. Now I am not a beggar…I am the backbone of my nation. I appreciate Sri Siddhartha for the right reform in the eradication of poverty. Such steps lay a sure road to our progress and jubilation. The leader should think on these lines… Wish the victors all the best…Thank you all for felicitating me on the auspicious occasion, Thanks to one and all…”

 

               All listened to the wise Beggar Bhumaiah’s speech spell bound. The people who had taken money and other things before the election were in realization on the lines his speech.  It became not only a blow but also a worthy lesson to them.

 

Published:
ISSN 2347-5951
PHENOMENAL
LITERATURE
A Global Journal Devoted to
Language and Literature
Volume 10  Issue 2  Jan-Mar 2026 
https://phenomenalliterature.com/sircl/ecopies/1782621594.pdf

River’s Autobiography

I am all and wholesome,
Starting from the blue
As small and tiny in nature,
But majestic and mighty in stature
For my journey winsome.
As the sign of unison,
United to leap forth to the deep
From highs to lows
From the head to the foot
As raindrops in communion, showered
When clouds delivered,
Amid sparks and lightnings
Amid roars and thunders
For the flow of my life from wombs,
Battering all over the tops,
Flowing through glaciers.
Sunrays pass through my dot mien
Offering the pretty rainbow,
My choicest gift for the joy of viewers.
I feel pride for my ride lively
In my constant flow lovely,
Bubbling and gurgling,
Full in might, full in life
I flow …I flow
With glow on my brow,
Twinkling with stars in nights
Shining with the sunrays in days.
My flow is ceaseless in bliss
Selfless in service,
Relentlessly quenching the thirsts
Of parched throats of lands
Offering the breath to creatures,
Seeds sown and hidden
I deck them all in green
For life to shine in life-sheen.
It is my pristine and primary duty
In my long autobiography in enormity,
The course of my flow, invincible in force
From ups to downs
With twists and turns.
The pebbles, purling pearls at my bottom,
Know that I travel sans weariness.
I live ever in my flow to echo
In boatmen’s songs,
Letting sailors sail on my flow.
I glimpse all gazing me in love,
Offering prayers in devotion,
I offer them free gifts for life.
With me, they love to make a parley
I care for all, leaving nobody
It is my relation and concern,
Minding my sole sojourn.
I reach my mighty mother-ocean
As a foetus at her heart
To be born for my flow ever,
the present to merge the past
To live in the future,
The eternity of my journey.


Published:
ISSN 2347-5951
PHENOMENAL
LITERATURE
A Global Journal Devoted to
Language and Literature
Volume 10  Issue 2  Jan-Mar 2026 
https://phenomenalliterature.com/sircl/ecopies/1782621594.pdf

Wednesday, October 1, 2025

Critical Appreciation of Wordsworth's and Robert Frost's Poems 'Solitary Reaper' and 'Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening' in Comparison and Contrast

Critical Appreciation of Wordsworth's and Robert Frost's Poems 'Solitary Reaper' and 'Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening' in Comparison and Contrast
by Dr. K. Rajamouly


Wordsworth and Robert Frost are well-known nature poets, but they vary from each other in the treatment of nature. They love to live in nature. Nature is their most important subject. Their love of nature persisted throughout their careers, and it is evident in their poetry. Their nature descriptions are minute and accurate, vivid, and elaborate to capture the reader's eye. Their love of nature is due to their temperament, liking and background. They describe the objects of nature: hills and mountains, vales and dales, birds and insects, thickets and trees, clouds and rains, flowers and fruits, rains and storms, lakes and brooks, woods, and snow and so on. They are nature poets, but one is not in the tradition of the other, marking a clear-cut contrast.

 

They both are therefore nature poets in distinctive ways. There is a lot of scope for comparison as well as contrast in the treatment of nature. Different poets look at nature and respond to its beauties differently. There are comparisons and contrasts in the treatment of nature. I would like to take Wordsworth's 'Solitary Reaper' and Robert Frost's 'Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening' for my in-depth study and critical interpretation.

 

Wordsworth is a romantic poet for he gets engrossed into the beauty of nature to seek shelter in its bower and become one with it for equanimity and peace, bliss and solace. He loves nature for its music, scent, charms, touch and taste and he goes to it enthralled to have sensuous pleasures. In the poem, he honestly records his experiences in listening to a song sung by a solitary reaper, Highland Lass while reaping and binding the corn in the field. In the poem, 'Solitary Reaper', he expresses his profound feelings at the   in the enchanting sight of the harvesting scene. On his way to his nature visit, he stops to enjoy the sight of the harvest field and the song of the solitary reaper in the nature lyric, 'Solitary Reaper'.

 

Behold her, sing in the field,

Yon solitary Highland Lass!

Reaping and singing by herself;

Stop here, or gently pass!

Alone she cuts and binds the grain,

And sings a melancholy strain;

O listen! for the Vale profound

Is overflowing with the sound.

 

No nightingale did ever chant

More welcome notes to weary bands

Of travellers in some shady haunt,

Among Arabian sands:

A voice so thrilling ne'er was heard

In spring-time from the Cuckoo-bird,

Breaking the silence of the seas

Among the farthest Hebrides

 

Will no one tell me what she sings?--

Perhaps the plaintive numbers flow

For old, unhappy, far-off things,

And battles long ago:

Or is it some more humble lay,

Familiar matter of to-day?

Some natural sorrow, loss, or pain,

That has been, and may be again?

 

Whate'er the theme, the Maiden sang

As if her song could have no ending;

I saw her singing at her work,

And o'er the sickle bending;--

I listened, motionless and still;

And, as I mounted up he hill

The music in my heart I bore,

Long after it was heart no more.

 

Wordsworth, on one of his nature-visits in Highland, he finds the lass alone in the field reaping the harvest and binding sheaves while singing a melancholic song in her dialect. He listens to her song and gets engrossed in its beauty. He thinks that it is not in his language but understands its melancholic theme. He does not want any interruption or intermission in her song as he wants to listen to it and enjoy the beauty of its sonority. As a romantic poet, he finds it more delightful than that of the nightingale for the travelers to rest in the oasis of the Arabian sands. The song of the solitary reaper is also more thrilling than that of the cuckoo, sung in spring in silent seas, Hebrides. The beautiful setting with the song overflowing in the valley arrests his whole attention to her song that he has never heard and expresses his deep emotions on hearing it. He asks his absent passerby or follower,

 

Stop here or gently pass!

Alone she cuts and binds the grain,

And sings a melancholy strain;

O listen! for the Vale profound

Is overflowing with the sound.

 

Poet Wordsworth expects someone to interpret the sense of the solitary reaper's song, as its language is incomprehensible to him. By the tone of her voice, he guesses it to be a melancholy song to narrate violent incidents like battles in the past, 'For old, unhappy, far-off things,/ And battles long ago', and day-to-day misfortunes, 'Some natural sorrow, loss, or pain'. As a poet, he shares with the reader soothing thoughts aroused from human suffering as expressed in the song.

 

As a romantic poet, Wordsworth withdraws from outer experience to concentrate on inner experience, the treasure trove of thrills as per his wills. He listens to the song inwardly and grasps its melancholy tone. In his romantic experience, he finds bliss in the aesthetic beauty of the song,

 

The music in my heart I bore,

Long after it was heard no more.

 

On the wings of imagination, the poet flies in the wide expanse of nature landscape and beautiful setting. The beauty of the song transports him to the world of fancy and ideas, thoughts, and emotions. He becomes one with the beautiful setting of nature and the song filled with verbal music, 'the vale profound overflowing with sound'.

 

Images in Love of Nature

 

For Wordsworth, Nature serves as mother to bestow on man bliss and solace or the teacher to teach the essentials of life. That is the pure relation of Nature to man.

 

Wordsworth employs the images of Nature to suggest her vastness and dynamic stature.  The poet glimpses the beauty of a harvest scene with the backdrop of beautiful nature while listening to the solitary reaper singing a song replete with a melancholy vein in the description of past events. The depiction of the harvest scene is microscopic, making the reader in its beauty. All the poetic images shape the poem into a wonderful piece of literature.

 

.             Wordsworth is a poet of commoner. The poem, known for its simplicity and naturalness, is with the description of a solitary reaper and her feelings about the past events. There is the rhyme scheme of ab, cb, dd, ee to express his powerful feelings,

 

The lyric, 'Solitary Reaper' marks a clear-cut difference in the treatment of nature from that of Robert Frost, 'Sopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.'

 

Robert Frost's poem, "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening"

 

Robert Frost is a nature poet, but he is not a nature poet in the tradition of Wordsworth as he harps on boundaries that separate man from nature, 'Drama of Man in Nature'. Whenever he gets tired of the monotony of daily routine and mundane reality, he would go to nature like birches to swing with them to the top and get back on the ground and woods to watch them for his momentary contact. The contact with nature will refresh and rejuvenate him to face hardships with new vigor and enthusiasm. His momentary contact with nature keeps him free from the stresses and strains of reality and marks a clear-cut difference form Wordsworth's total engrossment into the beauty of nature as a romantic poet.

 

Robert Frost's poems are replete with New England scenes. The clearly reflects the linking of his moods with the seasonal cycle of nature. His snapshot details are so vivid and so precise that no one else writes in the way he does.

 

Robert Frost loves nature. His nature descriptions of woods, snowfall, bending birches, lakes, brooks, valley mists, spring thaws, storms, animals, birds, ants, seasons, and seasonal changes and so on are characterized by accuracy, minuteness and fidelity. The reader experiences the beauty in all objects of nature.

 

As poet and man, Robert Frost feels the sense of beauty in his momentary contact with refreshes and rejuvenates him with vigor and enthusiasm to mind the sense of duty indispensable and inescapable as man and the poem, 'Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening' portrays the fact in the most befitting way:

 

Whose woods these are I think I know

His house in the village though;

He will not see me stopping here

To watch his woods fill up with snow

 

My little horse must think it queer

To stop without a farmhouse near

Between the woods and frozen lake

The darkest evening of the year

 

He gives his harness bells a shake

To ask if there is some mistake

The only other sound's sweep

Of easy wind and downy flake.

 

Woods are lovely, dark and deep

But I have promises to keep

And miles to go before I sleep

And miles to go before I sleep

 

In the poem, the narrator, poet himself, travels on a horse-drawn coach. On his way, he comes across the woods covered with pure snow in sliver glitters. The sunrays are falling on them to look more enchanting in one of the evenings. The beauty of woods attracts him. He stops his coach at the lovely scene of snow-clad woods and enjoys their natural beauty. He gets engrossed into the beauty of woods, the realm of fancy,

 

Whose woods these are I think I know

His house in the village though;

He will not see me stopping here

To watch his woods fill up with snow

 

As the poet has a keen eye for the pleasures in nature, he flies to fancy, the beauty of woods from the world of reality or the fact,

 

My little horse must think it queer

To stop without a farmhouse near

Between the woods and frozen lake

The darkest evening of the year

 

The beauty of woods enchants Frost, the poet of nature on his visits to it. Frost, the speaker of the poem is likely to go to it enthralled for the revelry of sensuous pleasures in nature. Then the horse that pulls his coach gives a shake to his harness bells to know if there is some mistake when the poet is likely to lose in the world of fancy,

 

He gives his harness bells a shake

To ask if there is some mistake

The only other sound's sweep

Of easy wind and downy flake.

 

When the horse gives a shake to his harness bells, Frost as a poet and man of ‘promises to keep’, springs to life, the real world from fancy and realizes the sounds of 'easy wind' and 'downy flake' that enrich the natural beauty of woods.  He at the same time realizes his promises to be kept and obligations to be fulfilled in life,

 

Woods are lovely, dark and deep

But I have promises to keep

And miles to go before I sleep

And miles to go before I sleep

 

Frost might be lost in the beauty of nature with full of glorified charms and fanciful thoughts. It may enchant him by its sensuous charms for a while, but they are soon broken and he remembers the concerns of real life. He remembers his duties. Although he has fancy enjoying the sense of beauty in nature, he sacrifices it for the sense of duty in the form of promises and obligations in life and continues his journey in pursuit of his goal.

 

Frost is a humanist and realist to mind duties and responsibilities in life though he loves nature by contacting a while. His approach to nature is therefore pragmatic and realistic for he is more as man and less as a nature lover. He deeply feels that the earth is the right place for love and duty. Not to get lost in the beauty of nature, he draws a line separating him from nature as he pragmatically and practically loves duties and responsibilities. He has a momentary contact with it for pleasure and vigor.

 

Robert Frost's poem, 'Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" comes close to Wordsworth's "Solitary Reaper", as it is written in the tradition of romantic nature lyric. Nature here has a dramatic function. It acts as a background to the action. Hence, the poem is akin to Wordsworth's poem, "Solitary Reaper." Frost enjoys the beauty of woods covered with pure white snow until the horse gives a shake to his harness bells in the way Wordsworth enjoys the song of the solitary reaper though he cannot comprehend its language. He guesses the theme of her song. He enjoys the song of the solitary reaper as long as she cuts and binds the grain while singing. Later he realizes,

 

I listened motionless and still

As I mounted up the hill

The music in my heart bore

 

If the horse did not give Frost his alarm, Frost would be as much absorbed in Nature as Wordsworth.

 

Frost's poems are full of nature descriptions. He is successful in his elaborate nature descriptions that are apt in his nature lyrics like 'Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.

 

Imagery and Symbols

 

Frost draws images from the commonplace objects of nature. The symbols used in his poetry have a lot of significance as they represent life. The line in repetition, "And miles to go before I sleep" represents life journey. 'Promises', 'miles to go' are suggestive of responsibilities in life. 'Sleep' in the last line of the last stanza symbolizes the final sleep to mark the end of the life journey and the poet refers to ‘sleep’ in the third line as the reward of man at the end of the day after work. Woods are symbolic of beauty that fills the poet with enthusiasm and vigor in his momentary contact with them.

 

Structure and rhythm

 

Frost employs monosyllabic words in the poem to capture simplicity and naturalness in the description of commonplace objects of nature. The use of ‘stopping’ in the title is suggestive of his momentary stay at the edge of woods in watching the beauty of snow-covered woods.

 

Both Wordsworth and Frost are nature poets, but they treat nature in distinctive ways. They are similar in some respects. They are at the same time dissimilar in other aspects as their attitudes and approaches to poetry vary from each other.

 

Comparisons and Parallelisms

 

Wordsworth and Robert Frost are nature poets.  They love nature as they have a keen eye for beautiful nature though they treat nature in different ways.

 

There is a focus on the common man in their poetry. Frost evinces more concern for the common man than Wordsworth.

 

Both write from personal experience. They express the deep emotions in the beautiful lyrics that are pen-pictures of their personal mood, thoughts, feelings and emotions.

 

Their nature descriptions are local, regional, and provincial as all poets are not free from their backgrounds. Their love for nature is local and regional. Both describe all objects of nature including seasons and seasonal changes. There is a clear-cut linking of their moods with the seasonal cycle in nature.

 

The two poets directly speak to the objects of nature to render their poems dramatic effect. Their addresses to the natural objects divert and arrest the reader’s rapt attention to the scenes they describe elaborately and microscopically.

 

Contrasts and individualisms

 

Wordsworth as a romantic poet loves nature. He is the worshipper of nature. He gets engrossed in the beauty of nature, becoming one with it. He goes to nature, the world of fancy on the wings of imagination, whereas Frost's momentary contact with the beauty of nature refreshes and rejuvenates him to attend his works with new vigor and enthusiasm. He springs from fact to fancy and from fancy back to fact as he has concerns for duties and responsibilities, realities, and actualities as he represents life.

 

Wordsworth reads man's nature in animal and plant worlds in a serious way whereas Frost speaks of the objects and creatures of nature, the animal and plant nature in a humorous way. Frost feels that man has animal-like and plant-like. The horse in the poem stands as a real character to remind him of his day-to-day duties and promises in life when he has fanciful desire to get engrossed in the beauty of nature.

 

Nature gives Wordsworth solace and peace as he finds harmony between him (man) and nature. Therefore, he gives the status of divinity to Nature. Nature is benevolent to him. He treats Nature as mother, teacher, or brother but Frost never feels any such relation. His momentary contact with nature, the snow-covered woods in the poem refreshes and rejuvenates him whenever he gets tired of monotony, the mechanism of life.

 

For Wordsworth, Nature is mother, teacher or brother with pure relationship. Frost does not feel any brotherhood for nature but his momentary contact with nature refreshes and rejuvenates him to have vigor and enthusiasm for the concerns of real life.

 

Conclusion

 

Wordsworth and Robert Frost are nature poets in distinctive ways. They present realistic descriptions of nature in their respective poems. They stand significant as they deal with a common man in their poems. They excel other poets as their poems have simplicity and naturalness to express their emotions and feelings. The poems excel other poems by virtue of their poetic merits.

 

Published: ContemporaryVibes

Vol: 21 No. 81 Oct-Dec 2025